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针对我国铁路线路复测作业现状及存在的不足，研制了铁路线路实景三维测量系统。该系统综合集成全球导航卫星系统（Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS）和惯性测量单元（Inertial Mesurement System,IMU）的组合测量单元、三维激光扫描仪等，通过多传感器时间同步控制、系统定位定姿、点云融合及配准等技术实现轨道中线和线路周边附属设施绝对位置的同步测量。现场精度试验结果表明：该系统轨道中线坐标测量正确性指标在15 mm以内，测量重复性指标在10 mm以内；线路周边基础设施坐标测量正确性指标在25 mm以内，测量重复性指标在15 mm以内，可用于普速铁路线路复测。同时，利用该测量系统三维点云成果可识别轨枕损伤、道砟不足及道床脏污等线路病害，协助工务部门掌握线路设备服役状态。
Abstract：A railway line real-time 3D measurement system has been developed to address the current situation and shortcomings of railway line retesting operations in China. The system integrated GNSS/IMU combined measurement units, 3D laser scanners, etc., and achieved synchronous measurement of the absolute position of the track centerline and surrounding ancillary facilities through multi-sensor time synchronization control, system positioning and orientation, point cloud fusion, and registration technologies. The on-site accuracy test results show that the accuracy index of the system's track centerline coordinate measurement is within 15 mm, and the measurement repeatability index is within 10 mm. The accuracy index of coordinate measurement of infrastructure around the line is within 25 mm, and the repeatability index of measurement is within 15 mm, which can be used for retesting of general speed railway lines. At the same time, the three-dimensional point cloud results of the measurement system can identify track diseases such as rail sleeper damage, insufficient ballast, and dirty track beds, assisting the engineering department in grasping the service status of track equipment.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:U216.3;P225.2
引用信息:
[1]丁有康,楼梁伟,王晓凯,等.基于移动激光扫描技术的铁路线路实景三维测量系统[J].铁道建筑,2025,65(11):7-12.
基金信息:
中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司基金（2022YJ103）; 国能朔黄铁路发展有限责任公司技术开发项目[朔其他（2023）517号]