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在有坡度线路上铺设的道岔在服役过程中存在病害多、养护维修工作量大等问题。为探明道岔区轮轨磨耗受铺设坡度的影响机理，本文建立了大坡度线路车辆-道岔耦合动力学模型，计算并分析了不同坡度条件下车辆侧逆向下坡过岔、侧顺向上坡过岔、直逆向下坡过岔、直顺向上坡过岔时轮轨磨耗指数的变化规律。结果表明：侧逆向下坡过岔时，转辙器区的轮轨磨耗指数整体上随坡度增加呈减小趋势，小坡度下转辙器区尖轨和基本轨磨耗较大，坡度40‰左右时辙叉区心轨磨耗最大；侧顺向上坡过岔时，转辙器区尖轨侧与辙叉区心轨侧轮轨磨耗指数最大值整体上随坡度增加呈减小趋势，尖轨/心轨侧磨耗程度在小坡度下较大，基本轨侧磨耗程度在大坡度下较大；直逆向下坡过岔时，辙叉区基本轨磨耗程度较大，磨耗指数最大值随着线路坡度的逐渐增加呈现先稳定后减小趋势，其磨耗程度在小坡度下较大；直顺向上坡过岔时，转辙器区尖轨侧与辙叉区心轨侧轮轨磨耗指数最大值整体上随坡度增加呈先增大后减小趋势，坡度在30‰左右时钢轨磨耗程度最大。
Abstract：The turnouts laid on slope tracks have problems such as multiple defects and heavy maintenance workload during service. In order to explore the mechanism of wheel-rail wear in switch areas affected by the laying slope, this paper established a coupled dynamic model of vehicle-switch on steep slopes, calculated and analyzed the changes in wheel-rail wear index under different slope conditions when the vehicle passes through a switch on the opposite side downhill slope, on the side uphill slope, on the opposite straight downhill slope, or on the straight uphill slope. The results show that when passing through a switch on a opposite side downhill slope, the overall wear index of the wheelrail in the switch area decreases with the increase of slope. Under small slopes, the wear of the point rail and base rails in the switch area is greater, and the wear of the center rail in the frog area is the highest when the slope is around 40‰. When crossing the switch on the side uphill slope, the maximum value of the wheel-rail wear index on the point rail side in the switch area and the center rail side in the frog area generally decreases with increasing slope. The degree of wear on the point rail/center rail side is greater on small slopes, while the degree of wear on the base rail side is greater on large slopes. When passing through a switch on a opposite straight downhill slope, the wear level of the basic rail in the frog area is relatively high, and the maximum wear index shows a trend of first stabilizing and then decreasing with the gradual increase of the line slope. The wear level is higher on small slopes. When crossing the switch on the straight uphill slope, the maximum value of the wheel-rail wear index on the pointed rail side of the switch area and the center rail side of the frog area shows an overall increasing and then decreasing trend with the increase of slope. The degree of rail wear is highest when the slope is around 30‰.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:U231
引用信息:
[1]王天.线路坡度对地铁道岔钢轨磨耗特性的影响[J].铁道建筑,2026,66(05):27-32.
基金信息:
中铁建华南建设有限公司科技研究开发计划（20-B-05）
2026-05-26
2026-05-26
2026-05-26