铁道建筑

结合大跨度钢桁梁明桥面轨枕板式轨道结构现场施工及运维需求，从轨道结构组成、接口设计等角度提出一系列优化措施，主要有高强连接螺栓顶部增设橡胶螺帽、橡胶弹性缓冲套筒一体化成型、轨枕板设承轨台、螺栓孔长圆处理、板内四角预埋精调螺纹套管、轨枕板增设排水坡和滴水凹槽。建立轨道精细化静力和动力有限元分析模型，计算优化后轨道结构的静力、动力特性，对比分析优化措施对轨道力学性能的影响。结果表明：优化后，不同组合荷载作用下轨枕板最大拉应力为2.662 MPa，最大位移为0.129 mm，满足设计要求，最大主应力比优化前增大了6.3%；优化后的轨枕板式轨道结构具备良好的动力特性，行车安全性和舒适性指标满足要求，轨枕板振动加速度比优化前最大增幅为5.4%；优化措施对轨道系统静力、动力特性影响均较小。

Considering the on-site construction and operation requirements of large-span steel truss girder open deck sleeper slab track structure, a series of optimization measures were proposed from the perspectives of track structure composition and interface design. These measures mainly include adding rubber nuts on the top of high-strength connecting bolts, integrating rubber elastic buffer sleeves into a type, installing rail support platforms on sleeper slabs, treating bolt holes with long and round shapes, embedding fine-tuned threaded sleeves at the four corners of the slab, and adding drainage slopes and drip groove water to sleeper slabs. A refined static and dynamic finite element analysis model was established for the track, the static and dynamic characteristics of the optimized track structure were calculated, and the impact of optimization measures on the mechanical performance of the track was compared and analyzed. The results show that after optimization, the maximum tensile stress of the rail sleeper under different combinations of loads is 2.662 MPa, and the maximum displacement is 0.129 mm, which could meet the design requirements. The maximum principal stress is increased by 6.3% compared to that before optimization. The optimized rail sleeper slab track structure has good dynamic characteristics, and the driving safety and comfort indicators meet the requirements. The maximum increase in vibration acceleration of the rail sleeper slab compared to that before optimization is 5.4%. The optimization measures have a relatively small impact on the static and dynamic characteristics of the track system.