铁道建筑

针对有砟轨道捣固与稳定作业参数优化的既有研究中忽略道砟颗粒破碎效应的问题，本文基于可破碎离散单元方法，通过可失效黏结键模拟颗粒内部破碎过程，构建了三维有砟道床模型。基于正交分析法研究了不同捣固和稳定作业参数下的道床刚度与横向阻力，分析得出有砟轨道大机的最优作业参数。结果表明：颗粒破碎效应显著提升了道床密实度，破碎产生的细粒能够有效填充颗粒间孔隙；插入深度、插镐速度和夹持频率主要影响垂向刚度，而激振频率、垂直下压力和水平激振力主要影响横向阻力。为实现垂向刚度和横向阻力的协同提升，建议捣固阶段应优先选用插入深度25 mm，插镐速度2.0 m/s，夹持频率25或45 Hz；稳定阶段宜采用垂直下压力150 kN，水平激振力20 kN，激振频率40 Hz。

To address the issue that current research on the parameter optimization of tamping and stabilization for ballasted tracks often neglects the particle breakage effect of ballast， this paper develops a three-dimensional ballast bed model based on the crushable discrete element method (DEM)， using breakable bonds to simulate the internal particle breakage process. The orthogonal analysis method was employed to investigate the ballast bed stiffness and lateral resistance under various tamping and stabilization parameters， leading to the optimization of operational parameters for heavy-haul railway track maintenance machinery. The results indicate that the particle breakage effect significantly enhances the compactness of the ballast bed， as the fine particles generated from breakage effectively fill the voids between ballast particles. The analysis of key parameters through orthogonal experiments reveals that insertion depth， tine insertion speed， and clamping frequency are the primary factors affecting vertical stiffness， whereas vibration frequency， vertical downforce， and horizontal excitation force are the main determinants of lateral resistance. To achieve a synergistic improvement in both vertical stiffness and lateral resistance， it is recommended that for the tamping stage， an insertion depth of 25 mm， a tine insertion speed of 2.0 m/s， and a clamping frequency of 25 or 45 Hz should be prioritized. For the stabilization stage， a vertical downforce of 150 kN， a horizontal excitation force of 20 kN， and a vibration frequency of 40 Hz are advisable.