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针对钢轨焊接时既有轨与配轨磨耗程度不同导致的钢轨高度差异，本文采用静弯应变测试、数值模拟、静弯试验等方法，研究轨头对齐方式焊接后高差钢轨铝热焊接头在静弯过程中的轨底受力规律，分析高差对接头静弯受力的影响。结果表明：高差钢轨在采用轨头对齐的方式焊接完成后，静弯试验及数值模拟得到的应力分布及变化趋势基本相同，均为磨耗轨一端受力大于标准轨一端；随着高差增大，轨底各部位的应力差及应力分布不均匀性明显增大，且应力差呈非线性增长；接头静弯力随高差增大而降低。建议做好前期钢轨匹配工作，严格控制高差，尽量避免大高差下进行铝热焊接。
Abstract：In response to the difference in rail height caused by the different degrees of wear between the existing rail and the matching rail during rail welding, this paper used methods such as static bending strain testing, numerical simulation, and static bending tests to study the force law on the rail bottom of the aluminum thermal welded joint with height-difference after rail head alignment welding during static bending, and analyzed the influence of heightdifference on the static bending force of the joint. The results show that after welding the height-difference rails with rail head alignment, the stress distribution and variation trend obtained from static bending tests and numerical simulations are basically the same, with one end of the worn rail receiving more force than that of the standard rail. As the heightdifference increases, the stress difference and uneven stress distribution in various parts of the rail bottom significantly increase, and the stress difference shows a nonlinear growth. The static bending force of the joint decreases as the height-difference increases. It is recommended to do a good job in the early stage of rail matching, strictly control the height-difference, and try to avoid aluminum thermal welding under large height-differences.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:U213.92
引用信息:
[1]任金雷.高差钢轨铝热焊接头静弯试验及数值模拟分析[J].铁道建筑,2026,66(07):30-34.
基金信息:
中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司基金（2023YJ058）
2026-07-07
2026-07-07
2026-07-07