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针对大轴重条件下小半径曲线钢轨磨耗及接触疲劳伤损问题，结合钢轨现场服役条件，基于75N正偏差廓形提出面向磨耗控制的钢轨优化廓形组合1，基于75N负偏差廓形提出面向疲劳控制的钢轨优化廓形组合2；建立30 t轴重车辆-曲线轨道动力学模型并开展实车试验，对比分析不同廓形组合下车辆曲线通过性能、轮轨力、轮轨接触点分布、钢轨磨耗及疲劳发展趋势，提出2种优化廓形组合的适用性，并验证优化效果。结果表明：2种小半径曲线优化钢轨廓形组合均可满足大轴重条件下车辆安全、稳定运行要求。相较于标准75N与75 kg/m廓形组合，优化廓形组合1的磨耗指数分别降低24.51%与11.24%，曲线上股钢轨垂向、横向力均有下降，侧磨发展趋势减小，适用于小半径曲线上股钢轨侧磨严重地段；优化廓形组合2上下股钢轨具有更优良的抗疲劳性能，有利于减缓和控制上下股疲劳伤损。
Abstract：Regarding the wear and contact fatigue damage of small radius curved rails under heavy axle load conditions, combined with the on-site service conditions of rails, a rail optimization profile combination No.1 for wear control was proposed based on the 75N positive deviation profile, and a rail optimization profile combination No.2 for fatigue control was proposed based on the 75N negative deviation profile. A 30 t axle load vehicle-curve track dynamics model was established, and line real vehicle tests were conducted to compare and analyze the vehicle curve passing performance, wheel rail forces, wheel rail contact point distribution, rail wear and fatigue development trends under different profile combinations. The applicability of two optimized profile combinations was proposed, and the optimization effect was verified. The results indicate that both combinations of small radius curve optimized rail profiles can meet the requirements for safe and stable operation of vehicles under high axle load conditions. Compared with the two standard profile combinations of 75N and 75 kg/m, the wear index of optimized profile combination No.1 decreased by 24.51% and 11.24%, respectively. The vertical and lateral forces on the curve upper steel rails decreased, and the development trend of lateral wear decreased. It is suitable for sections with severe lateral wear on upper steel rails on small radius curves. Optimizing the profile combination No.2 of upper and lower steel rails has better fatigue resistance, which is beneficial for reducing and controlling fatigue damage to the upper and lower rails.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:U213.4
引用信息:
[1]金锋,杨光,石彤,等.大轴重条件下小半径曲线钢轨廓形优化及适用性[J].铁道建筑,2026,66(07):18-23.
基金信息:
中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划（N2023G028）; 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司基金（2024YJ107）; 中国铁路太原局集团有限公司科技研究开发计划（A2024G03）
2026-06-10
2026-06-10
2026-06-10