铁道建筑

建立轨枕与扣件相互作用的仿真分析模型，分析扣件弹性垫板与轨枕承轨面的受力变形特征，并开展试验验证轨枕承轨面的磨损模式和发展规律。结果表明：在轮轨垂向和横向荷载的作用下，垫板沟槽边缘和外侧边缘对应的承轨面接触应力较高，且存在相对滑移，易发生磨损伤损；进入到垫板与承轨面之间的砂砾是造成轨枕承轨面磨损的关键因素；采用平板结构的弹性垫板可有效降低垫板与承轨面的应力水平，减小磨损；垫板材料硬度在邵氏硬度40D及以下时，可对磨粒形成包裹，保护混凝土试样不发生显著磨损。建议将邵氏硬度40D作为材料硬度的上限。

A simulation analysis model for the interaction between sleepers and fasteners was established, the stress and deformation characteristics of the elastic pad of fasteners and the rail bearing surface of sleepers were analyzed, and experiments were conducted to verify the wear mode and development law of the rail bearing surface of sleepers. The results show that under the action of vertical and transverse loads on the wheel rail, the contact stress of the rail bearing surface corresponding to the edge of the pad groove and the outer edge is high, and there is relative slip, which is prone to wear and damage. The gravel entering between the pad and the rail bearing surface is the key factor causing wear on the rail bearing surface of the sleeper. The use of flat plate structure elastic pad can effectively reduce the stress level between the pad and the rail bearing surface, and diminish wear. When the hardness of the pad material is at or below the Shore hardness of 40D, it can wrap around the abrasive particles and protect the concrete sample from significant wear. Therefore, the Shore hardness of 40D is used as the upper limit of the material hardness.